An investigation of blockchain technology in supply chain transparency in Nestlé Nigeria, Kebbi State
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Background of the Study
Blockchain technology, initially developed as the underlying architecture for cryptocurrencies, has gained significant attention across various industries for its potential to enhance transparency, security, and traceability in business processes. In supply chains, blockchain offers a decentralized, tamper-proof system that allows for real-time tracking of goods, verifying transactions, and ensuring data integrity (Choi & Kim, 2024). Nestlé Nigeria, a leading food and beverage manufacturer, operates in a highly complex and competitive environment, where maintaining transparency and integrity across its supply chain is crucial for sustaining consumer trust and meeting regulatory requirements. The company sources raw materials globally, manufactures products locally, and distributes them to a wide array of retailers across Nigeria.
In Kebbi State, Nestlé's supply chain faces challenges related to logistical inefficiencies, unreliable infrastructure, and the need to ensure the traceability of its raw materials, especially agricultural products sourced locally. With concerns over food safety, fraud, and inefficiencies, Nestlé Nigeria is exploring blockchain technology as a potential solution to enhance the transparency and traceability of its supply chain processes. Blockchain could enable the company to streamline operations, provide real-time data to stakeholders, and enhance accountability in the sourcing and distribution of goods. This study aims to investigate the application of blockchain technology within Nestlé’s supply chain operations in Kebbi State and assess its potential in promoting transparency, improving operational efficiency, and reducing fraud.
Statement of the Problem
The food and beverage industry is plagued with challenges related to supply chain transparency, such as counterfeit products, inefficiency, and corruption. In Kebbi State, where Nestlé sources raw materials from local suppliers, ensuring the authenticity and traceability of products is a critical issue. Despite Nestlé’s ongoing efforts to streamline its supply chain processes, concerns remain about the lack of transparency, the potential for fraud, and the difficulty in tracking the origin and quality of raw materials. While blockchain has been identified as a promising solution to these challenges, its implementation and effectiveness within Nestlé Nigeria's supply chain in Kebbi State have yet to be fully explored. This study seeks to examine the potential of blockchain technology in enhancing supply chain transparency and overcoming existing challenges in Nestlé Nigeria’s operations in Kebbi State.
Objectives of the Study
1. To explore the application of blockchain technology in Nestlé Nigeria’s supply chain operations in Kebbi State.
2. To assess the impact of blockchain on enhancing supply chain transparency and traceability.
3. To identify the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing blockchain technology in the supply chain of Nestlé Nigeria in Kebbi State.
Research Questions
1. How is blockchain technology applied in Nestlé Nigeria’s supply chain operations in Kebbi State?
2. What impact does blockchain technology have on enhancing supply chain transparency and traceability at Nestlé Nigeria in Kebbi State?
3. What are the challenges and opportunities faced by Nestlé Nigeria in implementing blockchain technology within its supply chain in Kebbi State?
Research Hypotheses
Ho1: There is no significant relationship between the use of blockchain technology and the transparency of Nestlé Nigeria’s supply chain in Kebbi State.
Ho2: The application of blockchain technology does not significantly improve traceability and reduce fraud in Nestlé Nigeria’s supply chain in Kebbi State.
Ho3: There is no significant difference in the efficiency of supply chain operations before and after the implementation of blockchain technology at Nestlé Nigeria in Kebbi State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on the application of blockchain technology in the supply chain operations of Nestlé Nigeria in Kebbi State. The research is limited to the company's activities in this particular region and may not be applicable to its operations in other states or countries. Limitations include potential access restrictions to internal data and challenges in obtaining reliable information about the implementation and outcomes of blockchain within the company’s supply chain operations.
Definitions of Terms
• Blockchain Technology: A decentralized digital ledger that records transactions across multiple computers, ensuring that the records cannot be altered or tampered with.
• Supply Chain Transparency: The ability to track and verify the flow of goods and information across the entire supply chain, ensuring that each step is visible to stakeholders.
• Traceability: The ability to track the origin and journey of products or materials through the supply chain.
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